I have always needed to come up with things like IP masks, broadcast addresses. This command sure helps a lot.

Lets say you need the info on subnet 192.168.1.0 the command below will give it all to you. It will default to a 24 bit mask.

{{{
$ ipcalc 192.168.1.0
Address:   192.168.1.0          11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
Netmask:   255.255.255.0 = 24   11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
Wildcard:  0.0.0.255            00000000.00000000.00000000. 11111111
=>
Network:   192.168.1.0/24       11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
HostMin:   192.168.1.1          11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000001
HostMax:   192.168.1.254        11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111110
Broadcast: 192.168.1.255        11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111
Hosts/Net: 254                   Class C, Private Internet
}}}

If you want to use a 16 bit mask you need to explicitly enter it:

{{{
$ ipcalc 192.168.0.0/16
Address:   192.168.0.0          11000000.10101000. 00000000.00000000
Netmask:   255.255.0.0 = 16     11111111.11111111. 00000000.00000000
Wildcard:  0.0.255.255          00000000.00000000. 11111111.11111111
=>
Network:   192.168.0.0/16       11000000.10101000. 00000000.00000000
HostMin:   192.168.0.1          11000000.10101000. 00000000.00000001
HostMax:   192.168.255.254      11000000.10101000. 11111111.11111110
Broadcast: 192.168.255.255      11000000.10101000. 11111111.11111111
Hosts/Net: 65534                 Class C, Private Internet
}}}

The RFC that defines private networks:

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1918.txt